THE TECHNIC OF SILVOFISHERY AS THE APPLICATION OF SUSTAINABLE MANGROVE MANAGEMENT ( Case Study in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan )

ABSTRACT

ADISTI PERMATASARI – The Technic of Silvofishery as The Application of Sustainable Mangrove Management (Case Study in Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan)

Mangrove forest is prime ecosystems which have function to support life including fishery and marine areas. It has multiple functions not only for socio – economic aspects but also ecological aspects. The socio–economic benefits are timber products that include wood, charcoal, construction materials, pulp, etc and non–timber products that consist of ecotourism, environmental services, and the other forest products. The ecological functions of mangrove forest are carbon sink, protection from abrasion, as a control for seawater intrusion and also it could give effect to the microclimate balance. The areas of mangrove forest in Indonesia are about 27 % of mangrove areas in the world or for about 7.7 million hectares. During five years, mangrove forest condition which has a good condition approximately about 2.4 million ha. As a case study, this condition also happened in mangrove forest in Delta Mahakam, East Kalimanatan.

Mahakam Delta is a configuration of 46 small islands forming like a unique fanshapedlobate which stretches out into the coastal area of the Makassar Strait of East Kalimantan. Geologically the Mahakam Delta was formed through long term deposition of suspended solids from the 770 km long Mahakam River. Besides its high in biodiversity and abundant in oil and gas resources, the vegetation in Mahakam Delta is predominantly mangrove forests that consists of pedada zone, Rizophora zone, Transition zone, Nipa zone and Nibung zone. Prior to 1980, mangrove vegetation in Mahakam Delta was pristine and about 60% of the area was covered by Nipa. Considerable changes in the extent of mangrove ecosystem occurred between 1990-2002, with peak degradation between 1996-2000. Until 2001, about 63% mangrove areas were deforested mainly due to conversion forshrimp ponds. As a result, the mangrove forest is loss more than half from the previous area. It is not only caused the environmental impacts and affected aquatic productivity (ecological aspects), but also social and economic condition and the livelihoods of communities who live in Mahakam Delta. Moreover, as the highest demand of economic sector from Mangrove Forest make ecological function be ignored and it is become worst when the policy implementation is weak. Therefore, the mangrove forest degradation is increase in Mahakam Delta.

.           Due this condition, we need applicative strategies to manage and maintain Mangrove Forest become sustainable. As alternative solution, there is Silvofishery technic which combines the forestry sector with fishery sector. Silvofishery is a technic of fisheries and marine (i.e. fish and shrimp pond) which is combined with mangrove vegetation. The efforts of mangrove forest conservation and utilization are used to save the condition of mangrove forest from degradation. In the other side, aquaculture could support economic aspect for the society. There are four kinds of Silvofishery model in Indonesia such as the traditional of empang parit’s model, komplangan model, the open of empang parit and Kao-kao model.In the light of this, Mahakam Delta has successful to implement Silvofishery technic, the yield from fishery cultivation is increase which average yield  about 3000-5000 kg/hectare.

Keywords :  Mahakam Delta, Silvofishery, Sustainability

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